DMAA
1,3-dimethylamylamine (also known as 1,3-dimethylpentylamine, methylhexanamine, 2-amino-4-methylhexane, geranamine) is a monoamine with a stimulant and euphoric effect, similar in action to caffeine. In the brain, 1,3-dimethylamylamine affects mood and emotions, enhancing mental compatibility. This is due to an increase in the concentration of dopamine and norepinephrine in the intersynaptic spaces. DMAA is calculated from four to ten percent before stronger than caffeine, while not causing toxicity and harm to the body. It is often included in sports nutrition to improve productivity and burn fat. DMAA Methylhexanamine was released under the trade name "Forthane" and was produced by Eli Lilly & Co. as a vasoconstrictor of the vasoconstrictor medium in the 1940s. After several decades of obscurity, starting in 2006, Proviant Technologies began to produce under the trade name geranamine and was used in the field of sports as a dietary supplement in modern complexes and fat burners. This became possible after the publication of a scientific article in the Journal of Guizhou Institute of Technology, where geranamine was presented as a natural product extracted from geranium (Pelargonium graveolens).
Prohibition
In 2009, methylhexanamine was added to the list of banned substances by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) and classified as a stimulant. In 2010 and 2011, some athletes were disqualified and stripped of awards in various sports due to the detection of DMAA in their blood. As of 2013, it remains readily available on the sports nutrition market.
As of the beginning of 2013, DMAA has practically disappeared from the composition of most well-known brands. Many manufacturers, including Primaforce, have suspended production or excluded methylhexanamine from the composition. However, in 2015-2016, new additives began to be mass-produced, the main active ingredient of which is DMAA.
As of the beginning of 2013, DMAA has practically disappeared from the composition of most well-known brands. Many manufacturers, including Primaforce, have suspended production or excluded methylhexanamine from the composition. However, in 2015-2016, new additives began to be mass-produced, the main active ingredient of which is DMAA.
Legal legality
DMAA is legally prohibited in some Western countries. The main reasons for the ban are: a powerful effect on the central nervous system, "explosive" stimulation of various systems, poor knowledge of the consequences and uncontrolled intake, entailing a low probability of functional disorders.
Acne Treatment
In 2011, the American Herbal Products Association (AHPA) declared that supplement manufacturers should not indicate methylhexanamine as geranium oil or other component of this plant on packages and in instructions, in order to exclude unintentional ingestion due to ignorance. This proposal was supported by the United Natural Products Alliance (UNPA) in January 2012. Thus, if you purchase an additive, now you can find the following names in the composition: 1,3-dimethylamylamine (DMAA), methylhexanamine or geranamine. The latter name is used most often in sports nutrition.
"Attention" The average dosage ranges from 15 to 200 mg. It is not recommended to take a dose of more than 75 mg.
"Attention" The average dosage ranges from 15 to 200 mg. It is not recommended to take a dose of more than 75 mg.
DMAA content in sports nutrition
Effects
- Pronounced psycho-physical stimulation
- Improving performance
- Improved mood
- Increased lipolysis (fat burning)
- Appetite suppression
Side effects and harm
Of the most common side effects, the following can be distinguished:
Due to the fact that methylhexanamine is considered as a natural herbal component, products containing extracts or geranium oil are not regulated by the FDA and are classified as a group of biologically active additives. However, articles published in 1951 and 1960, as well as the National Cancer Institute (NCI) in the study of the action of synthetic DMAA showed that side effects and toxicity may develop.
Despite the particular cases and concerns of specialists, in many ways the danger of the supplement is exaggerated, and the development of adverse reactions is most often associated with overdose, combination with other stimulants (caffeine) and violation of prescription. Several studies have been performed, which confirm the safety for healthy people when consumed according to the recommended scheme.
- Trembling
- Sweating
- Mental arousal
- Insomnia
- Nausea
- Headache
- Increased blood pressure, tachycardia, stroke (with a significant excess of the recommended dose)
- Dry mouth
Due to the fact that methylhexanamine is considered as a natural herbal component, products containing extracts or geranium oil are not regulated by the FDA and are classified as a group of biologically active additives. However, articles published in 1951 and 1960, as well as the National Cancer Institute (NCI) in the study of the action of synthetic DMAA showed that side effects and toxicity may develop.
Despite the particular cases and concerns of specialists, in many ways the danger of the supplement is exaggerated, and the development of adverse reactions is most often associated with overdose, combination with other stimulants (caffeine) and violation of prescription. Several studies have been performed, which confirm the safety for healthy people when consumed according to the recommended scheme.
Objective safety research
The lethal dose for mice (LD50) is 39 mg/kg intravenously and 185 mg/kg intraperitoneally. Which indicates the low toxicity of DMAA.
In September 2011, data from a study were published in which consumption of 1,3-dimethylamylamine at a dose of 75 mg ("solo" and in combination with caffeine) caused an increase in blood pressure above normal. At the same time, the state of health remained satisfactory, the pulse rate did not increase.
Careful monitoring of 25 healthy men in 2012 who took geranamine containing the Jack3d pre-workout complex (USP Labs) allowed us to determine that the substance does not significantly affect pulse rate, blood pressure, and does not affect the condition of the liver and kidneys when used in recommended doses. According to a number of additional works, DMAA does not cause serious harm to the body.
In September 2011, data from a study were published in which consumption of 1,3-dimethylamylamine at a dose of 75 mg ("solo" and in combination with caffeine) caused an increase in blood pressure above normal. At the same time, the state of health remained satisfactory, the pulse rate did not increase.
Careful monitoring of 25 healthy men in 2012 who took geranamine containing the Jack3d pre-workout complex (USP Labs) allowed us to determine that the substance does not significantly affect pulse rate, blood pressure, and does not affect the condition of the liver and kidneys when used in recommended doses. According to a number of additional works, DMAA does not cause serious harm to the body.
Doping testing
As a rule, it is not included in standard doping tests, but it can be determined by liquid chromatography in urine samples. According to Analytical Com Insights, after taking a 40 mg dose, the detection time of 1,3-DMAA reaches 105 hours. Accelerated excretion allows the method of forced diuresis.
Over the past 3 years, positive doping tests have been detected in dozens of athletes from various disciplines:
Over the past 3 years, positive doping tests have been detected in dozens of athletes from various disciplines:
- hockey (Anton Belov, Vitaly Pavlov)
- boxing (Brandon Rios)
- biathlon (Evie Zahenbacher-Steele)
- cross-country skiing (Marit Bjoergen)
- running (Gufran Almuhamad), etc.
Anabolic drugs may only be used by a doctor's prescription and are contraindicated in children. The information provided does not call for the use or distribution of potent substances and is aimed solely at reducing the risk of complications and side effects.